A healthy patient receives an investigational DNA vaccine developed by government researchers via a needle-free injection.
The U.S. government says it will move forward with wider tests of its Zika vaccine after the results from a safety study initiated last summer were promising.
The vaccine, called a DNA vaccine, uses genes from the virus to create an immune response. It was first given to volunteers last August as concern spread over a cluster of Zika cases in Miami.
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The new phase of the vaccine tests began Wednesday at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, one of 11 U.S. locations that will enroll up to 5,000 healthy adults, according to Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, which developed the vaccine.
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In a call with reporters on Friday, Fauci said initial results in 40 volunteers indicate that the vaccine produced an immune response against Zika and didn’t cause serious side effects.
The threat has waned since Zika spread across Latin America and reached the U.S. last summer, but Fauci cautioned that the virus could return. People who get the mosquito-borne virus generally have only mild symptoms, but infection during pregnancy has been linked to serious birth defects.
The vaccine being tested, as well as other DNA vaccines, contains genetic material from the virus which, once injected into muscle, trains the body to mount an immune response against the virus.
The appeal of DNA vaccines is that they can be designed quickly to counter emerging threats and are easier to manufacture than traditional vaccines. The NIH previously developed a DNA vaccine against West Nile virus, but it was never commercialized.
Companies developing DNA vaccines include Astella Pharma, Inovio Pharmaceuticals, and GeoVax, whose products aim to protect against malaria, peanut allergy, and some types of cancer. So far, however, no DNA vaccine has reached the market.
To prove that the Zika vaccine protects against infection, Fauci says, the trial will eventually be expanded to sites in Puerto Rico, Brazil, Peru, Costa Rica, Panama, and Mexico, where the virus is still being transmitted.
