Official word is in on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations for 2015. It’s not good news.
The World Meteorological Organization’s greenhouse-gas bulletin shows that 2015 was the first year in which levels of carbon dioxide reached 400 parts per million on average across the globe. Part of what pushed the planet over this threshold was El Niño, which, according to the WMO, “reduced the capacity of ‘sinks’ like forests, vegetation and the oceans to absorb CO2.”
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But even when those sinks regain their ability to absorb carbon dioxide, warns the WMO secretary-general, Petteri Taalas, emissions will still need to be cut. “The El Niño event has disappeared. Climate change has not,” he explained. “Without tackling CO2 emissions, we cannot tackle climate change and keep temperature increases to below 2 °C above the preindustrial era.”
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NOAA’s Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii has been continuously monitoring atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1958.
The figure of 400 parts per million is largely symbolic: carbon dioxide levels alone don’t dictate global temperature rises, which are the main concern we face. But they do play a leading role, and crossing this threshold is psychologically important for environmentalists and politicians alike.
Unfortunately, it’s not the first piece of bad news about carbon dioxide concentrations to come of late. In September—typically the month in which levels reach a minimum—they failed to drop below the 400 mark. According to measurements from the greenhouse-gas monitoring station in Mauna Loa, Hawaii, cited by the new report, levels are expected to stay above that figure for the rest of the year, too.
In fact, the WMO predicts that carbon dioxide concentrations are now unlikely to fall below 400 parts per million for “many” generations. “The year 2015 ushered in a new era of optimism and climate action with the Paris climate-change agreement,” Taalas said. “But it will also make history as marking a new era of climate-change reality with record high greenhouse-gas concentrations.”
