World War II transformed MIT. Mainly, the wartime federal funding directed to the Institute expanded its basic research in the hard sciences. But MIT’s evolution into a research university also influenced the intellectual landscape of its architects.
A Second Modernism Arindam Dutta, Editor MIT Press, 2013, $65
This new “primacy of funded research” would move academic architects “towards a ‘problem-solving’ and relevance-seeking mentality, transforming the very sense of their discipline,” writes architectural historian Arindam Dutta in his introduction to a new book on MIT and modernist architecture.
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The practice of design, for many MIT architects, now involved drawing upon the social sciences—from psychology to information science and systems theory—while developing new ideas. This approach set the Institute apart: “What had been posed elsewhere at the end of the war as a training of the intuition—in the imported, Bauhaus system—was at MIT transformed into a subject for ‘research,’” Dutta writes.
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Dutta’s new book, A Second Modernism: MIT, Architecture, and the ‘Techno-Social’ Moment, features essays and interviews examining how MIT architectural scholars and practitioners pursued their modernist visions. They designed prefabricated buildings, developed early solar-powered structures, and worked on futuristic buildings with little-used construction materials such as plastic, as seen in the Monsanto House exhibit at Disneyland in the 1950s and 1960s.
The book makes clear that no unitary aesthetic guided MIT’s modernist architects. The best-known campus building designed by a faculty member at the time, Eduardo Catalano’s Stratton Student Center, is an austere Brutalist structure. Professor Pietro Belluschi designed the Pan Am building, a prominent 1960s Manhattan skyscraper (now the MetLife Building). But faculty member Maurice Smith’s designs (including a chaotic-looking wooden house outside Boston) were a reaction against such imposing visions.
The volume also examines seminal figures including painter and design theorist Gyorgy Kepes and urban planner Kevin Lynch, who studied the visual impact of cities on people. Some essays assess MIT’s famous modernist buildings, such as Eero Saarinen’s Kresge Auditorium and MIT Chapel; the book also features first-person accounts from people involved in the architecture program.
“It was important that the book have a variety of voices,” Dutta says. “In some ways it’s like reconstructing a kind of Rashomon-like narrative.”
Postwar architecture has not been the primary focus of Dutta’s career. His 2006 book The Bureaucracy of Beauty explores architecture and design in the British Empire, and his next book, Dutta says, will examine “economic liberalization and cultural politics in India.” But when editing A Second Modernism, he was eager to think locally, not just globally.
The book is “not a matter of praising or criticizing” MIT, he says, “but of trying to build a historical account of what went on, and the forces and dynamics at play.”
Recent Books from the MIT Community
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Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era: Regional Powers and International Conflict By Vipin Narang, assistant professor of political science Princeton University Press, 2014, $95
The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity By Ricardo Hausmann and César A. Hidalgo, professor at the Media Lab MIT Press, 2014, $50
Translating Euclid: Designing a Human-Centered Mathematics By Gerry Stahl ’67 Morgan & Claypool, 2013, $50
The Tech Entrepreneur’s Survival Guide: How to Bootstrap Your Startup, Lead Through Tough Times, and Cash In for Success By Bernd Schoner, PhD ’00 McGraw-Hill, 2014, $26
“Maxwell’s Demons Everywhere: Evolving Design as the Arrow of Time” By Adrian Bejan ’71, SM ’72, PhD ’75 Published February 10, 2014, in Nature’s Scientific Reports
Piercing Time: Paris After Marville and Atget 1865–2012 By Peter Sramek ’73 University of Chicago Press, 2013, $64.50
How to Negotiate Your First Job: 8 Steps That Will Create Value for You and Your New Employer By Paul F. Levy ’72, SB ’74, MCP ’74, and Farzana S. Mohamed ’99, MCP ’01, MEng ’01, SM ’01 Process Improvement, 2014, $9.95
Russian Case Morphology and the Syntactic Categories By David Pesetsky, PhD ’83, professor of modern languages and linguistics MIT Press, 2013, $30
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