One of the best materials for making cheap solar cells is iron pyrite (better known as fool’s gold), according to researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
The researchers recently published an article in Environmental Science and Technology that surveys 23 semiconducting materials with properties that make them promising for converting sunlight into electricity. They evaluated the cost and abundance of these materials to determine which would work well for low-cost solar cells that could be made in numbers large enough to supply the world’s electricity needs. Today’s solar cells are mostly made from silicon–which is costly to refine and purify–or from thin films of cadmium telluride, which contain relatively rare or toxic elements, making it difficult or impossible to scale them up to provide all of the world’s electricity.
The researchers argue that research should be directed at materials that are cheap and abundant enough to easily supply the world’s energy needs. Iron sulfide (pyrite), or fool’s gold, stood out from all the other options, followed closely by amorphous silicon, a material used in some solar cells today. They estimate that these materials could provide 100 to 1,000 times the world’s current electricity needs.
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