Around the world, some mobile carriers have been releasing anonymized records of cell-phone data to researchers.

The data releases are not all the same, but they can include records of which phones connected to which cell phone towers, providing a trace of caller movements; with whom the connection was made, providing a map of social networks; and what purchases were made, even through simple phones, providing a glimpse of economic activity. In many cases, such data is unavailable from any other source.

The results—even from limited data sets—can be dramatic. This slide show shows four examples of work going on, from tracking the movement of soccer fans in Argentina to creating detailed maps of poverty levels in Ivory Coast. They are a small sampling of the many new papers presented at a conference on the topic last week at MIT. Part of this was from a challenge called Data for Development, in which the telecom giant Orange released 2.5 billion records from five million cell-phone users in Ivory Coast.

“The use of this data for development is just exploding right now, and we will only see more and more situations where individuals work with operators,” says Caroline Buckee, an epidemiologist at the Harvard School of Public Health who is working on malaria models.

Indeed, some of the most promising applications for such efforts involve merging mobility data with other data sets, such as disease incidence and transportation routes. The results show how mobility patterns may influence, for example, the spread of malaria (see “Big Data from Cheap Phones”) and provide insights into how to optimize a bus system in a developing-world city (see “African Bus Routes Redrawn Using Cell Phone Data”).