The asteroid managed to get within just 73,000 kilometers (45,360 miles) of our planet without anyone noticing. The miss lends a new sense of urgency to preparations for a potential collision one day.

The news: On Thursday, July 25, an asteroid dubbed Asteroid 2019 OK, measuring 57 to 130 meters wide (187 to 427 feet), got uncomfortably close to Earth, according to NASA’s near-Earth objects database. It was less than one-fifth of the distance to the moon, making it a very close call in space terms. If it had landed on a populated area it could have caused major damage, although this outcome is statistically quite unlikely.

Should we worry? It’s hard not to feel concerned that a “city-killer”-size asteroid wasn’t detected further ahead of time. It was announced just hours before it passed by Earth, after being detected a few days beforehand by teams in the US and Brazil. Its relatively small size, unusual orbit, and fast speed all conspired to make it tough to spot, researchers told the Washington Post.

How we monitor asteroids: Mostly, we keep an eye out using Earth-based telescopes. A space-based infrared telescope designed specifically for the purpose of spotting asteroids would be better for early detection, according to NASA. So the agency plans to launch the Near Earth Object Camera in 2021.

A wake-up call: It’s a reminder of the real threat asteroids can pose. Although NASA has war-gamed scenarios and done training exercises with other US agencies on how to prepare for an impact, there’s a strong argument for more international cooperation and investment when it comes to detection and prevention. Asteroid 2019 OK’s worryingly close fly-by might help focus minds.

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