Swimmer Ariana Kukors presses her fingers into a device built to measure the force she generates with her freestyle kick. (She doesn't hold on to anything.) The red vertical line shows the amount of force at a point in time. Kukors's kick is strong and consistent, which is why the wave signal generally has the same amplitude throughout the recording.
The director of the new Massachusetts-based Microsoft Research lab wants to use mathematics to design better search engines, recommendation systems, and online auctions.