Probability chip: This computer chip uses signals representing probabilities, not digital bits.
Lyric Semiconductor

Computing

A New Kind of Microchip

A probability-based processor may speed up flash memory, and eventually much more.

  • Tuesday, August 17, 2010
  • By Tom Simonite

A computer chip that performs calculations using probabilities, instead of binary logic, could accelerate everything from online banking systems to the flash memory in smart phones and other gadgets.

Rewriting some fundamental features of computer chips, Lyric Semiconductor has unveiled its first "probability processor," a silicon chip that computes with electrical signals that represent chances, not digital 1s and 0s.

"We've essentially started from scratch," says Ben Vigoda, CEO and founder of the Boston-based startup. Vigoda's PhD thesis underpins the company's technology. Starting from scratch makes it possible to implement statistical calculations in a simpler, more power efficient way, he says.

And because that kind of math is at the core of many products, there are many potential applications. "To take one example, Amazon's recommendations to you are based on probability," says Vigoda. "Any time you buy [from] them, the fraud check on your credit card is also probability [based], and when they e-mail your confirmation, it passes through a spam filter that also uses probability."

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All those examples involve comparing different data to find the most likely fit. Implementing the math needed to do this is simpler with a chip that works with probabilities, says Vigoda, allowing smaller chips to do the same job at a faster rate. A processor that dramatically speeds up such probability-based calculations could find all kinds of uses. But Lyric will face challenges in proving the reliability and scalability of its product, and in showing that it can be easily programmed.

The electrical signals inside Lyric's chips represent probabilities, instead of 1s and 0s. While the transistors of conventional chips are arranged into components called digital NAND gates, which can be used to implement all possible digital logic functions, those in a probability processor make building blocks known as Bayesian NAND gates. Bayesian probability is a field of mathematics named after the eighteenth century English statistician Thomas Bayes, who developed the early ideas on which it is based.

Whereas a conventional NAND gate outputs a "1" if neither of its inputs match, the output of a Bayesian NAND gate represents the odds that the two input probabilities match. This makes it possible to perform calculations that use probabilities as their input and output.

Lyric has been working on its technology in stealth mode since 2006, partly with funding from the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. DARPA is interested in potential defense applications that would involve working with information that isn't clear cut--for example, radio signals distorted accidentally or otherwise, and machine vision systems that try to recognize actions or objects in images. "They're interested in some James Bond-type applications," says Vigoda.

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cemery50@hotmail.com

10 Comments

  • 539 Days Ago
  • 08/17/2010

New ?

It would be interesting to find out how this differs from analog computing and how it relates to fuzzy logic.
Also as it is probability based isn't also sometimes probably incorrect ?

Reply

luddite

407 Comments

  • 539 Days Ago
  • 08/17/2010

Re: New ?

Probabilty processors are improbably fast,
Where Nand logic gate calculations open at last,
To reveal some quaint old relic of a binary past.

Reply

pThomas

5 Comments

  • 536 Days Ago
  • 08/20/2010

Fuzzy

This reminds me of the Fuzzy Logic that was introduced in the 90s. Can't wait to see some of it's real world uses and how fast it is.

Reply

Brian H

60 Comments

  • 536 Days Ago
  • 08/20/2010

Odds

It's lucky this tech was developed. But what are the chances it'll work as advertised?  ;)

Bookies will love it. 

Reply

waderobb1

1 Comment

  • 530 Days Ago
  • 08/26/2010

Near the dark

This may function very well in digital photography.  It could improve the quality of pictures as they go from twilight to dark.

Reply

Rudolf01

4 Comments

  • 524 Days Ago
  • 09/01/2010

Propability chip

If this propability chip would be made as a memristor chip with the big amounts of intermediate storage on different energy levels and with the high values of connectivity, would that be the prototype of a single artificial Synapsis, from where an artificial brain could be designed? Is this the first step to create the AI a'la "Terminator"?

Reply

huynhbc

17 Comments

  • 524 Days Ago
  • 09/01/2010

New Kind of Microchip

It is a very interesting project ; I bet a lot of people are waiting for this come out....This processor chip will bring great help in lots of areas - One thing I could see it'll be lots qicker in interpolation calculations process in 3D graphic simulations for wide range of uses - But the space programs will appreciate very much when they see pictures send back to earth much smoother and less jerking motions.....IMHO  - Best regards

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simplycast

5 Comments

  • 511 Days Ago
  • 09/14/2010

The future?

Nice and really  interesting

Reply

SJGooch

1 Comment

  • 402 Days Ago
  • 01/01/2011

New kind of NAND

The article says, "...a conventional NAND gate outputs a "1" if neither of its inputs match..."

Really???  In the rest of the world, we call this XOR. 

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