Technology Review - Published By MIT
Advertisement
« Back 1 [2]

Thursday, June 12, 2008

3-D Viewing without Goofy Glasses

Continued from page 1

By John Borland

smaller text tool iconmedium text tool iconlarger text tool icon
Capturing 3-D: Philips's WOWvx screens require specially created videos that record two frames for each scene. The first frame contains ordinary color information. The second frame contains depth information for each pixel, with white denoting foreground and black indicating deep background. Software and hardware built into the screens then use this information to create differing versions of images as the video plays and send them to the display. In a final step, lenses atop the screen project these slightly-differing images so that the left and right eyes see different versions, creating the illusion of depth.
Credit: Courtesy of Philips

Then, special PC-based hardware and software--housed in the display itself--processes the pair of images as the video is played. The information in the second frame is used to transform the original color frame into nine separate images, each slightly offset from the last, as though the camera had been moved a few inches to the side each time. All nine are then sent to the screen.

To allow viewers to perceive these images, the LCD screens are overlaid with three-pixel-wide cylindrical lenses that direct the different images into side-by-side paths. A nearby viewer will see one of these images with each eye--the first and third, or third and fifth, for example--thus producing the illusion of image depth.

The multiple images allow viewers to walk around the viewing area--a cone about 20 degrees wide--without disturbing the 3-D illusion, says Philips product manager Erik van der Tol. This cone is duplicated several times on each screen, further widening the 3-D viewing area.

The number of content producers working with the format is small, but growing. Kuk creates live-action stereoscopic films, using two cameras to film. Others, such as the London-based SquareZero, work primarily with computer graphics, which requires a less specialized production process.

"You do get really good depth perception," says SquareZero head of animation Olly Tyler. "The image seems to go into the screen and come out of it."

As with any new technology, there are glitches. With the company's 42-inch screens, the 3-D effect works most effectively only up to a distance of about 12 feet, and if you view the screen at the boundary between the three "cones," you experience garbled images. In addition, the quality of ordinary two-dimensional images on the screens is diminished. Finally, a 42-inch screen will set you back $12,000 (prices on the new 52-inch and 22-inch models being released next week have not yet been specified).

Still, while today the company is focusing squarely on the advertising and display market, it does have its eye on the consumer market. Researchers are working on expanding and smoothing the viewing area and on improving the two-dimensional viewing quality in order to make the screens entirely backward-compatible with ordinary video.

"Look a couple of years ahead, and I think this will be an acceptable technology for the home," says van der Tol. "The Hollywood scene is definitely interested." Philips is not alone; Sharp Electronics, along with a handful of small companies such as Dimension Technologies and Alioscopy, offer competing products.


« Back 1 [2]

Comments

  • Let's reframe this slightly...
    flared0ne on 06/12/2008 at 2:44 AM
    Posts:
    22
    Avg Rating:
    4/5
    In a perfect world they would be able to modulate the index of refraction of the "lensing surface" in the area above-and-local-to each line of pixels on the screen...

    There are some machine vision algorithms that would almost directly translate the (derivative of the) "depth" channel input into something that could be described as "real-time fresnelling" ("fresnellation"?) -- although a physical mechanism allowing that level of control starts to approach the technical requirements for being able to "paint" a holographic-interference pattern in real-time, opening up a whole different business model...
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • 3DTV Systems
    martwill38 on 06/12/2008 at 12:35 PM
    Posts:
    2
    Avg Rating:
    3/5
    I once worked with the late Jim Butterfield in L.A., the "guru" of 3D Television Systems Inc., who had some 40 patents in the field.  Butterfield was at that time working on a large lenticular screen TV for video that was processed into 4 to 6 side-by-side strips of images shot from slightly different angles, to provide the same effect described in your article (in the late 1970's.) It worked quite well, given the limitations of TV technology and the difficulty of making such lenticular screens.

    He and his company later modified the anaglyphic (red-green glasses) system to use red-cyan glasses for TV, and NBC broadcast a Halloween 3D special using that system.

    The idea of coding the image for distance seems like a good way to compress the image processing bandwidth required to generate multiple lenticular image stripes using the kind of digital video signal processing technology we have today, which Jim would have found very exciting.

    Another success for Jim was a two-image stereoscopic color camera technology coupled to an optical microscope and used in teaching hospitals for eye surgery.  Medical interns could watch the same images that the surgeon saw while performing delicate surgery, live.

    Jim also pioneered a color TV system in Mexico that used the flicker effect to create false color  on black and white TV screens.  

    Unfortunately, he died several years ago, but there was a great article about him in Time magazine.
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • Goofy?
    Mr. Sly on 06/12/2008 at 12:55 PM
    Posts:
    1
    Avg Rating:
    5/5
    How is wearing special glasses any goofier than using earbuds to listen to your iPod? As I remember, moviegoers objected to the ill-fitting, flimsy, paper-framed polarized glasses - but the 3-D image quality was pretty impressive.

    A home-based system using polarization technology could include well engineered glasses and "clip-ons" for several viewers.

    No highly specialized  TV set, just special content on 3-D channels.
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • The Stewardesses
    Phineas on 06/13/2008 at 11:59 PM
    Posts:
    52
    Avg Rating:
    2/5
    The biggest grossing 3D movie of all time was filmed in color using two cameras, two projectors, and polarizing filters. You had to wear polarized glasses to view it. It was a classic tale of sex, drugs, and rock & roll. If you haven't seen this 1969 opus, you have missed out.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stewardesses
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • 3D screens
    advil on 06/14/2008 at 4:09 PM
    Posts:
    5
    Avg Rating:
    4/5

    There is another way by using materials that reacts differently with light but the trick is in the front with a thick  panel and 2 layers projecting light in different angles each, Toshiba was negociating something in Mexico in this field.
    Rate this comment: 12345
Advertisement

Current Issue

Technology Review November/December 2008
Sun + Water = Fuel
An MIT chemist has opened the way to making hydrogen fuel from water using sunlight.
•  Subscribe
Save 41%
•  Table of Contents
•  MIT News

Magazine Services

Career Resources

MIT Technology Insider

Stories and breaking news from inside MIT about the latest research, innovations, and startups--in a convenient monthly e-newsletter. Subscribe today

Follow us on Twitter

Twitter

Get Technology Review updates via the web, cellphone, or Instant Messager – Follow techreview on Twitter!

Advertisement

More Technology News from Forbes

Advertisement
Advertisement
TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES
Advertisement
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology