Alas, it's hardly the first time that the tech world has been abuzz over alternative approaches to the traditional desktop. (See "The Next Computer Interface.") "People have been railing against the old WIMP [Windows, Icons, Menus, and Pointing] interface at least since 1995," notes Ramana Rao, former CEO of Inxight Software, a maker of advanced data visualization tools and a longtime student of user-interface technologies. "And every couple of years there is a fresh crop of youngsters who have bright ideas about reinventing the desktop." In 1996, for example, Yale University computer-science graduate student Eric Freeman and his advisor, widely known computer scientist and essayist David Gelernter, proposed representing the digital files on a PC using a chronological scheme called Lifestreams, with individual files identified by dates rather than by names or categories. To Freeman and Gelernter, the files-and-folders scheme at the heart of the desktop metaphor scattered information in too many places for the human mind to track. Lifestreams placed individual files into stacks of cards resembling diaries, where our innate sense of time would supposedly make it easier to retrieve them. Freeman and Gelernter incorporated their ideas into a commercial program called Scopeware Vision, which they marketed through their startup Mirror Worlds Technologies. But interest in the software was weak, and Mirror Worlds shut down in 2004. Agarawala believes there's room to improve on familiar desktop conventions without resorting to utterly new and alien interfaces such as Lifestreams. The Bumptop environment isn't a literal desktop; rather, it resembles a stage with three walls, or the bottom of a cardboard box. File icons start off scattered across the flat surface. Using the mouse (or the pen, in the software's original tablet-based incarnation), the icons can be tossed into loosely organized piles, ruffled through, or scooped up into tidy vertical stacks. To explore the contents of a tidy pile, users can turn it sideways and leaf through it like a book. An individual icon can be pulled halfway out of a stack to signify that it's important. Groups of icons can be lassoed and dragged across the surface. And standard commands such as "delete" or "copy" can be activated by grabbing an icon or a pile and right-clicking to bring up a pop-up menu. All the while, Bumptop's physics engine--Ageia PhysX, a software package popular among game developers--gives the moving icons a realistic heft, bounce, and springiness. (See the Bumptop interface in action in this YouTube video.) "Being able to physically toss a file into a corner and deal with it later, or scrunch it into a ball, or pull it out of a pile--you don't get that sort of tangible feedback in a command-line interface or a menu-driven desktop interface," says Agarawala. "There's a certain emotional satisfaction and engagement that comes with that. I'm still trying to figure out how to quantify that, but I think it brings much more to the user experience." |









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