Camera lenses, telescopes and a host of other optical devices owe their efficiency to glare-proof glass. The material has been dubbed "invisible glass," but its inventor, as the first female research scientist at General Electric, was very visible indeed.

Katharine Burr Blodgett was born in Schenectady, New York, in 1889, the second child of a G.E. patent attorney who died before his daughter's birth. On a Christmas vacation at age 18, she visited the Schenectady research facilities of her father's former employer, where her tour guide was the chemist (and future Nobel Laureate) Irving Langmuir. Langmuir encouraged the teenager to pursue her studies in science, and she did; earning a master's degree from the University of Chicago the following spring helped Blodgett earn a spot in Langmuir's lab. After that, except for the two years she took off to get the first physics PhD ever awarded to a woman by Cambridge University, Blodgett spent the whole of her 45-year career at G.E.