In 1990, the prevailing sense among technology watchers was that U.S. industrial research was in trouble, and that somebody had better do something about it quick. Nervous about Japanese competition in critical areas, democrats led a move to allocate $100 million for the Advanced Technology Program, 10 times more than President Bush had requested for the next fiscal year. Rejecting the administration's largely hands-off industrial policy, the House passed the measure by more than 3 to 1.

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