Thursday, August 20, 2009
First 3-D Patterned Nanostructures
Patterned tin and nickel panels self-assemble into nanoboxes.
Varying etching conditions influences the angles formed by the
panels in these nanoboxes. The left column is a close-up of the
tin hinge material. The other columns show the boxes at
different magnifications. The panels are patterned with the letters
"JHU" with line-widths of 15 nanometers. Credit: ACS/Nano Letters |
Chemists
have become very skilled at building 2-D nanostructures, but making 3-D
patterned structures for drug delivery, electronics and other applications has
proved more challenging. In particular, no one has been able to make 3-D
structures with patterned surfaces.
David
Gracias and Jeong-Hyun Cho of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore have overcome this problem. They first made
arrays of patterned, cross-shaped nickel structures on a silicon wafer, then
added tin hinges. When placed in a plasma etching chamber, the flat structures
folded up into cubes and released from the wafer. To make nanocubes as small as
100 nanometers a side, the researchers added another panel.
The work is described online in the journal Nano Letters, where the researchers write that it should apply to other polyhedral shapes as well.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Comments
democratsare...
08/21/2009
Posts:2
Recent advancements in quantum science have produced the picoyoctometric, 3D, interactive video atomic model imaging function, in terms of chronons and spacons for exact, quantized, relativistic animation. This format returns clear numerical data for a full spectrum of variables. The atom's RQT (relative quantum topological) data point imaging function is built by combination of the relativistic Einstein-Lorenz transform functions for time, mass, and energy with the workon quantized electromagnetic wave equations for frequency and wavelength.
The atom labeled psi (Z) pulsates at the frequency {Nhu=e/h} by cycles of {e=m(c^2)} transformation of nuclear surface mass to forcons with joule values, followed by nuclear force absorption. This radiation process is limited only by spacetime boundaries of {Gravity-Time}, where gravity is the force binding space to psi, forming the GT integral atomic wavefunction. The expression is defined as the series expansion differential of nuclear output rates with quantum symmetry numbers assigned along the progression to give topology to the solutions.
Next, the correlation function for the manifold of internal heat capacity energy particle 3D functions is extracted by rearranging the total internal momentum function to the photon gain rule and integrating it for GT limits. This produces a series of 26 topological waveparticle functions of the five classes; {+Positron, Workon, Thermon, -Electromagneton, Magnemedon}, each the 3D data image of a type of energy intermedon of the 5/2 kT J internal energy cloud, accounting for all of them.
Those 26 energy data values intersect the sizes of the fundamental physical constants: h, h-bar, delta, nuclear magneton, beta magneton, k (series). They quantize nuclear dynamics by acting as fulcrum particles. The result is the picoyoctometric, 3D, interactive video atomic model data point imaging function, responsive to keyboard input of virtual photon gain events by relativistic, quantized shifts of electron, force, and energy field states and positions.
Images of the h-bar magnetic energy waveparticle of ~175 picoyoctometers are available online at http://www.symmecon.com with the complete RQT atomic modeling manual titled The Crystalon Door, copyright TXu1-266-788. TCD conforms to the unopposed motion of disclosure in U.S. District (NM) Court of 04/02/2001 titled The Solution to the Equation of Schrodinger.
symmecon@yah...
10/15/2009
Posts:2