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Monday, March 26, 2007

Using Spit to Search for a Superathlete Gene

Taiwanese scientists in search of DNA that may account for sports stars' prowess are building a genetic library of these athletes' saliva.

For years, geneticists have been poking around in the human genome looking for genes that might contribute to superathletes like road-racing cyclist Lance Armstrong. One geneticist recently told me that Armstrong and other phenomenal athletes are "mutants"--meaning their DNA almost certainly contains supergenes that allow them to, for example, sprint up the Pyrenees at full tilt during the Tour de France or, in the case of baseball players, hit balls traveling at 100 miles per hour.

Scientists at the Taipei Physical Education College have announced that they are developing a gene bank containing DNA from superperforming athletes from Taiwan. Led by researcher Hsu Tai-ke, the team has been collecting gene-laden saliva from top performers, such as last year's 19-game-winning pitcher Wang Chein-Ming, of the New York Yankees, and Olympic tae-kwon-do medalists Chu Mu-yen and Huang Chih-hsiung.

In each case, the researchers found "polymorphisms," special genes or stretches of DNA present in some people and not in others, that numerous studies have associated with athletes' cardio endurance.

Tai-ke suggests that asking big-time athletes for spit rather than blood will increase the number of test subjects and confirm whether or not these genes help superathletes perform.

The Taiwanese scientist also raised the notion that further understanding these genes might lead to testing kids who seem to be developing into great pitchers or karate stars--a Gattaca sort of idea that makes the mind wonder how this information would be used, or if athletes might add their genes to the list of products they endorse.

Apparently, there is already a market for superbeautiful women and supersmart men and women to contribute (in exchange for payment) their eggs and sperm to make beautiful geniuses. What will it cost to buy an actual gene to help you pitch a 19-and-6 season with a 3.63 ERA?

Tags: genetics

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Comments

  • Super genes in everyone
    So, they're looking for "super genes" in athletes, but why not categorize the super genes in geniuses, or like the article said, the beautiful people, or excellent actors, or great artists and musicians? How about great business people? The difference between a great person and a normal person is the desire to be great. Perhaps the gene that they are looking for is in every example that I've given above and the only thing that gene does is to make the person want to be better and do better than they did before. It's an unrest gene. Perhaps everyone has this gene, or a variation of it.
    Rate this comment: 12345

    Buckwheat469
    03/26/2007
    Posts:33
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  • Opening the door to genetic discrimination
    If projects like these go forward without an ethical oversight, they can turn into genetic discrimination. As simple as that.

    Let's say 10 years from now, they figure it out that some form of gene polymorphism statistically correlates with higher athletic ability (that's exactly what they are after, aren't they?). So, then you take your kid to a sport club, and the first thing they do is a genetic test.

    If they don't like the genetic profile, they may turn you away, or just accept your kid as a windowdressing measure, but not really invest time into him/her.

    This would refine racism to a completely new level.
    Rate this comment: 12345

    gabrielg01
    03/27/2007
    Posts:361
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    • Re: Opening the door to genetic discrimination
      Again, you're simply making another "Gattaca" reference, seemingly without realizing it.  The question really is, how far out of line is it, ethically, to treat someone differently because of a scientifically accepted predisposition? No one seems to be overly upset at auto-insurance companies for charging higher premiums to unmarried males under the age of 25; why would they be more upset at health-insurance companies charging more for those who are more likely to have heart-disease? 

      This, to me, is rather a different form of discrimination.  Racism, almost by definition, is rooted in ignorance and wild assumption.  What is described above is more along the lines of genetic guidance counseling.
      Rate this comment: 12345

      swordfishdat...
      03/29/2007
      Posts:7
      • Re: Opening the door to genetic discrimination
        Very good points. But the jury is still out on these things. We can only speculate how our values will evolve.

        Genetic knowledge may even be used in schools to come up with tailor made teaching programs.
        Rate this comment: 12345

        gabrielg01
        03/30/2007
        Posts:361
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    • Re: Opening the door to genetic discrimination
      I don't think that you would call discrimination based on a genetic profile "racism". 
      Rate this comment: 12345

      karlhedderic...
      04/05/2007
      Posts:10
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  • We already genetically discriminate
    We just do it by trial and error.  Does anybody seriously think that a person with mostly slow-twitch fibers in his muscles is going to become a top sprinter, no matter how much he tries?  But he could become a great cross-country runner.  So why not give him counseling early on that will help him to excell later in life, rather than be frustrated? 

    By the way, they've done studies and found that kids with late birthdays get the shaft, because they are always younger than their playmates and therefore are less likely to attract the attention of coaches and get playing time in games.  As the years go on, the effect accumulates.
    Rate this comment: 12345

    dmm
    04/02/2007
    Posts:172
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    • Re: We already genetically discriminate
      Of course we do discriminate. Even in the most mundane and subconscious way. When you select your girlfriend/boyfriend you select for certain traits that you like: blue eyes, brown hair, light skin, whatever.

      But the genetic tests will turbocharge everything, and push things way beyond the comfort zone of many people. I would even venture to say that, there will be matchmaking websites based on genetic tests.
      Rate this comment: 12345

      gabrielg01
      04/02/2007
      Posts:361
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