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Caloric Restriction Slows Aging in Monkeys

Continued from page 1

By Katherine Bourzac

Thursday, July 09, 2009

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Calorie consumption: The rhesus monkey on the left, Canto, eats a calorie-restricted diet and is 27 years old. The monkey on the right, Owen, consumes a normal diet and is 29.
Credit: University of Wisconsin-Madison / Jeff Miller

Of course, as Colman points out, "it's not a realistic goal for humans to practice caloric restriction." The ultimate goal of the study, she says, is to better understand the underlying mechanisms of aging in order to learn how people can live healthier, longer lives: "It's something we use to understand the aging process better."

There is some evidence that caloric restriction has metabolic and cardiovascular benefits in humans, but data from monkeys are important because these studies are difficult to perform in people, especially over the long term. "Human data are still sketchy--it's difficult to get controlled experiments in humans," says Leonard Guarente, a professor of biology at MIT. Even in monkeys, he says, "these are very difficult and long-, long-term studies to do."

Two big questions remain, the researchers say. First, does caloric restriction extend life span in the primates? "Meaningful maximum-life-span data are probably 15 years away," says Weindruch. The monkeys in the Wisconsin study fall into two age groups; the average age of the oldest group is 29, which is very old considering that these animals, on average, live to about 25 in captivity. However, the longest a rhesus monkey has been known to live is 40 years. "If the last of the monkeys on caloric restriction die at the same time as the last control monkeys, it means there is only a delay of the onset of disease, but not an extension of life span," says Luigi Fontana, a research professor at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis who is leading a study of the diet in people.

The other unresolved question is how caloric restriction actually works in the monkeys. Now that they have strong evidence of the diet's benefits, Weindruch says, his group will establish another group of animals to study the underlying mechanisms.

Comments

  • Interesting ideas
    however having just gone thru on aging books for a final project paper, researchers had problems with the calorie restriction idea.

    Certainly overeating is very bad.  But overeating means gaining weight or maintaining excess weight.  If you don't restrict your calories but don't gain weight, is this the same?

    If you restrict your calories but then because you by definition must restrict your activities drastically, to me this sound like you will become unhealthy due to wasting of muscles, weak heart, weak bones etc.  I.e. exercise has been shown to be very good for your heart, brain muscles.

    In humans being slightly overweight, and active has advantages in that you have a pool of energy you can draw on in case of serious sickness.  I got cholera from tainted food and lost 12 pounds in 4 days.  If I had no fat it would eat into muscles, some of which are critical to the body.

    Of course being more than a tiny bit overweight is the root of many health problems.

    secondly the article mentions 'normal diet'.  Is this a normal diet for monkeys?  For people?  I defy someone to say what a 'normal diet' is for people.  To me a normal diet for humans varies by country, and in the US includes twice as much protein as is needed.  Excess protein wears on the body to eliminate. Meat is considered part of a 'normal diet' in the US but has health problems, including changing the route of calcium excretion, tendency to gout from mineral crystals building up in tissue, fatty deposits in arteries, etc.

    Even vegetarian diets can be vary greatly.  Refined sugars make blood sugars swing wildly which is a major cause of aging, diabetes and eye problems.  Tight blood sugar control is the most important thing a diabetic can do to preserve their vision for example.

    So if I switch to a diet of mostly complex carbs, nutrient dense, as mentioned in the article, is this a 'normal diet' or am I already prolonging my life such that I don't need to restrict calories (presuming I exercise, avoid industrial or household toxins, etc)..

    To me this article just creates new questions to ask about this research and new questions for future research.

    erbium
    07/09/2009
    Posts:105
    Avg Rating:
    3/5
    • Re: Interesting ideas
      I wonder if Bourzac had a word limit in her paper? She might have included more details that would answer your questions if more words were allowed. I have a hunch this was the case.

      Adrian Zolko...
      07/10/2009
      Posts:11
      Avg Rating:
      2/5
    • Continuous Dieting May Lead to Longer Life
      I saw this article mentioned on http://www.projectweightloss.com and wanted to add my two cents. Until more studies are done I will focus on the extra weight and keep exercising. I don't agree with this "eat less" thing, especially if it's healthy.

      Alecu
      07/10/2009
      Posts:6
      Avg Rating:
      1/5

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