After giving birth recently to a baby with cerebral palsy, a woman in Tarrant County, Tex., felt she had just cause to sue her obstetrician and hospital, claiming that he had caused the brain damage and paralysis by failing to perform a prompt Cesarean section despite ominous fetal heart tracings. Indeed, doctors are often found guilty of negligence in such cases, and together with their hospitals are ordered to pay enormous amounts in damages. But this doctor was lucky. He had saved a valuable piece of exonerating evidence that most other obstetricians routinely toss out-the baby's placenta.

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