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Friday, January 25, 2008

Nano-Prospecting

Continued from page 1

By Duncan Graham-Rowe

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What is needed is a means of mapping the pore structure and the voids between formations, he says, and to do this, researchers need sensors that are smaller than the pores. So the aim is to create micro- or nanosensors that can not only pass through the pores, but also form mesh networks to create detailed, 3-D maps of the structure of rock formations.

Another possibility with smaller-sized pores is to use magnetic nanoparticles to enhance aboveground sensing techniques, says Adams. By pumping the sensors into a rock formation, it could be possible to map the formation by detecting slight changes that the nanoparticles create in the earth's magnetic field.

The researchers believe that, in addition to locating and mapping oil and gas, nanoparticles might also be able to help recover the fuels. "The trouble is that the oil in the pores sticks to the walls," says Adams, even when high-pressure steam is blasted into the rock. The hope is that with the right nanoparticles, the researchers might be able to free the hydrocarbons from the rock.

Despite this potential, the energy industry hasn't shown much interest in nanoparticles until now. It was the high price of oil that caused its change of heart, Adams says. "All the big formations have been tapped, and most fields are in depletion. So cheap and easy oil is getting scarcer," he says.

Pister agrees. "A huge amount of money has been put into traditional extraction techniques," he says. But these have reached their limits in existing reservoirs. "They are about as tapped out as they can get."

However, there are lots of challenges ahead. Little is known about how nanoparticles will flow through porous rock. "And we have not generally designed nanoparticles for use at high temperatures and high pressures, nor for extreme chemical environments," says Adams. If these problems can be overcome, the payoff is likely to be great.



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  • This is not fair
    jorfoas on 01/25/2008 at 4:08 PM
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    I think this is not fair. Nanotechnology is the only technological known paradigm that can provide efficient and green mechanisms. It would be the greatest stupidity of history to use it in a way that promotes CO2 emissions. We have to start saying good bye to oil, otherwise our atmosphere is never really going to recover.
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: This is not fair
      MakeSense on 01/27/2008 at 1:42 PM
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      3/5
      From what I've read, global warming will reach a point of inevitability real soon unless the world takes drastic steps to reduce CO2 output. Based on that, we can pretty much accept that global warming will advance, and we should spend time and money confronting its consequences.

      As for oil and these nanosensors? It sounds nifty, but the article doesn't point out just how the sensors are supposed to disperse throughout a fluid-filled reservoir. I doubt it can be done, unless they plan to inject the sensors throughout waterflooding operations. In that case, they would give a partial picture of the reservoir volume contacted by water.

      Here's an idea if the oil companies want to fund something worthwhile: Lawrenceville Plasma Physics is looking for a mere $2 million to develop what could be a commercial version of their Focus Fusion device. How about it BP?
      Rate this comment: 12345
  • Technology Transfer with no licensing
    mkogrady on 01/29/2008 at 2:00 PM
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    Seem like the US Taxpayer is being generous again. Giant corporations making BILLIONS of dollars acquire technology paid for through grants by US taxpayers. In return the professors or developer gets a great job offer, the oil company gets free technology and taxpayers get no royalties.

    Who needs VC's when you have the government?
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: Technology Transfer with no licensing
      ajamin on 01/30/2008 at 2:26 PM
      Posts:
      3
      Yeah, it is too bad this is not being addressed. When I saw this:
      :::
      The financial investment--equivalent to $1 million per year from each company for three years--is "a very good sign," says Kris Pister, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at the University of California, Berkeley, who has spent several years developing distributed sensors known as smart dust.
      :::
      I instantly thought of this: BP Gives $500 million to UC Berkeley
      Rate this comment: 12345
  • supercritcal CO2
    sbkadar on 06/02/2008 at 1:28 AM
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    5
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    2/5
    I know that some sites are pumping CO2 back into wells to store the carbon dioxide. Supercritical CO2 is a great surface cleaning agent. Could the CO2 under pressure on these sites be used to clean and extract from the porous sand?
    Rate this comment: 12345
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