Thursday, January 18, 2007

Touch Screens for Many Fingers

Researchers have bigger plans for multi-touch screens than the novel interface on Apple's iPhone.

By Kate Greene

Large multi-touch displays enable two or more fingers to tap and trace on a surface. When combined with software, these screens could allow large-scale collaboration among many people. Credit: Jefferson Y. Han

When Steve Jobs demonstrated Apple's new phone at Macworld recently, the feature that elicited the most "oohs" and "aahs" from the audience was the touch-screen interface: it allowed more than one touch at a time. This "multi-touch" technology adds functions such as allowing a person to easily zoom in and out of pictures and Web pages by pinching the screen with two fingers.

But the full power of multi-touch technology might be unleashed in screens far larger than those on phones. Over the past few years, Jeff Han, consulting research scientist at New York University, has developed an inexpensive way to make large multi-touch screens accommodating 10, 20, or even more fingers. He envisions applications ranging from interactive whiteboards to touch-screen tables and digital walls--any of which could be manipulated by more than just one person. And this month, Han has unveiled Perceptive Pixel, his new company based on the technology.

"The new iPhone is too small to be a very interesting multi-touch device," says Han, who demonstrates his technology on this YouTube video. That's because multi-touch technology implies multiple users. More than one person gathered around a large touch screen "becomes interesting," he says, "because multiple users can then become collaborators." Such collaboration could take many forms, from brainstorming sessions using networked, interactive whiteboards to animation collaborations at which six hands can mould the face of a monster. Perceptive Pixel is set to ship its first wall-size touch screen this month, to an undisclosed U.S. military customer.

Various approaches to multi-touch technology have been demonstrated at engineering conferences since the 1980s. Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs developed the DiamondTouch table, which allows a group of people to sit around and collaborate on projects. Multi-touch screens "never completely went away, but they're coming back in different ways, and for certain things they're going to be really important," says Bill Buxton, principal researcher at Microsoft Research.

There are many ways to make a multi-touch screen, Han explains. Some of the early designs measured the change in electrical resistance or capacitance on a surface when fingers touched it. But these devices have limited resolution, are relatively complex, and don't easily and inexpensively scale up to large dimensions. Apple has not disclosed what multi-touch technology it's using on the iPhone.