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Monday, March 31, 2008

Making Electric Vehicles Practical

New infrastructure may help launch electric cars in Israel and Denmark.

By Kevin Bullis

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Wind-powered cars: A startup is planning to build infrastructure in Denmark that will allow recharging of electric vehicles throughout the country. Electric vehicles are a good match for wind power, since they're typically recharged at night, when the wind is the strongest and demand for electricity is ordinarily low.
Credit: Project Better Place

A new approach to selling and recharging electric cars could overcome some of the basic issues that have kept them from being widely adopted. A startup called Project Better Place, which had the largest of any venture-funding round in 2007, raising $200 million, recently announced plans to install recharging infrastructure in Israel and Denmark and to sell electric cars using a business model much like that used today with cell phones.

The company aims to address two limitations of electric vehicles: their range is considerably less than gasoline-powered cars, and the batteries take hours to recharge from ordinary outlets. To solve the first problem, says CEO and founder Shai Agassi, Project Better Place is installing a vast grid of outlets at parking spaces throughout the country, which will allow drivers to keep batteries topped off during the day. In Israel, the company will install 500,000 outlets--one for every six parking spaces in the country--with a similar number slated for Denmark.

To address the time that it takes to recharge batteries, the company has arranged for the automaker Renault to manufacture electric cars with batteries that can easily be swapped out. The cars will have more than a hundred miles of range, which is more than enough for most daily driving. On long trips, once a battery is depleted, a driver will be able to pull into a station where a simple robotic system will remove the depleted battery and install a fully charged one. The process will only take a couple of minutes, Agassi says. The company will build 125 such stations in Israel and slightly more in Denmark.

To make this system work, Project Better Place will take an unusual approach to selling cars. The company will sell cars for a subsidized cost in return for drivers signing up for a service contract. Instead of signing up for a set number of calling minutes, as with cell phones, drivers will pay for a set number of miles. The subscription will cover the cost of renting the battery, swapping it out, and the electricity for charging it up. The number of miles driven will be tracked using a wireless network, Agassi says. The cost of the car will depend on the length of the service contract, he says. For example, the car could be free with a six-year agreement. In any case, the car will cost no more than a comparable gasoline car.

The model has a number of advantages, Agassi says. First, it lowers the up-front cost of the car. What's more, it takes care of the issue of billing people for recharging from the network of outlets: it isn't necessary to keep track of charging at each outlet. Instead, each car records the energy it has used, and it communicates wirelessly with Project Better Place. The model also addresses one of the main objections that have been raised regarding battery-swapping systems. In a battery swap, a driver can't be sure the new battery is as good as the old one--it could have more wear and tear or less storage capacity. In the project's system, the drivers don't own the batteries, and the responsibility for maintaining them is transferred to the company.

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Comments

  • Wunderbar
    hachi on 03/31/2008 at 2:50 AM
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    I love it, though I can see it not turning out so well for the actually company, carrying the costs of maintenance and replacing the batteries. I'd assume they'd have guidelines for that, such as dumping the battery after 2 year, or when it is below 65% original capacity.
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: Wunderbar
      bj on 03/31/2008 at 7:15 AM
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      The "Think" car people are proposing something similar, with battery leases for $X per month. They also have a plan for batteries that have passed useful lifespan in the car. They have solar and wind grids in their workspaces and put the older batteries to work there, in less critical uses.

      Interesting times ahead. I just hope the US congress gets with the program and stops pushing biofuels.
      Rate this comment: 12345
  • >>> happy to see that MY idea of (swappable batteries) "cellphoneCAR" may come true soon, but... >>>
    Gaetano Marano on 03/31/2008 at 9:05 AM
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    .

    happy to see that MY idea of (swappable batteries) "cellphoneCAR" may come true soon...

    UN-happy to see that (again) the venture capitals are rewarding (with $200 million!) the "non-inventors" of a (good) commercial/industrial idea that I've suggested and published EIGHT months ago in my (July 23, 2007) "Cellphone Battery Electric Cars" article:

    http://www.gaetanomarano.it/articles/033cellphoneCAR.html

    then posted/discussed (in the days/weeks after my article) on several scientific and environment forums in Europe and America, commenting MIT Technology Review articles, on the Wired Science blog, News.com and Scientific American articles and blogs, etc. (just do a Google search with the "cellphonecar" keyword to find some of them)

    that's what already happened with MY """"Google"""" Lunar X Prize...

    http://www.ghostnasa.com/posts/008moonprize.html

    also the idea of a wind energy battery recharge come from my article (as you can verify from cached Google pages) ... "To save the high amount of energy lost on the transfer from the power plants, all "refuel stations" located away from urban areas could have their own solar or wind energy power plants (like my "Wind Energy Skyscrapers") to recharge the cars' batteries (24h a day 365d a year) at (nearly) ZERO costs!"

    and (I'm sure) that the same thing will happen (soon) with MY "Wind Energy Skyscrapers Power Plants" idea:

    http://www.gaetanomarano.it/articles/028energy.html

    .
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: >>> happy to see that MY idea of (swappable batteries) "cellphoneCAR" may come true soon, but... >>>
      VCRAGAIN on 03/31/2008 at 1:11 PM
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      haven't you heard of such a thing as a patent ??
      without that you have no ownership - besides there are a lot of duplicate ideas popping up right now since the whole world is thinking about and researching this stuff.
      Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: >>> happy to see that MY idea of (swappable batteries) "cellphoneCAR" may come true soon, but... >>>
      jgillece on 03/31/2008 at 6:54 PM
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      Dude,

      You can rest assured that this idea preceded your article eight months ago.  They have been discussing the plans for years.  It's only reaching mass media at this point b/c it finally has reached the "it's actually going to happen" stage.
      Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: >>> happy to see that MY idea of (swappable batteries) "cellphoneCAR" may come true soon, but... >>>
      oconnmic on 03/31/2008 at 10:42 PM
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      I think replacing batteries is a rather generic idea.  I seem to remember replacing a few over the years.
      Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: not YOUR idea
      gabrielg01 on 04/01/2008 at 1:02 PM
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      Dear Gaetano, many people, including myself, have proposed for years the battery swapping stations for electric cars. These would be phased in at existing gas stations, so they don't require a massive and sudden infrastucture change.

      So this is a public idea. Definitely NOT YOURS.
      Rate this comment: 12345
      • Re: YOU missed the point of my article
        Gaetano Marano on 04/02/2008 at 4:11 AM
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        .

        since the batteries of an electric car was not, aren't and never will be "fused" with the cars, we can always say that all them was/are/will be "swappable"...

        you completely missed the point of my article, since my suggestion is not only to swap the batteries, but to build a "system" around them to allow the electric cars to (finally) compete with gasoline cars

        now you can change the batteries of an electric car at the end of the battery life, but not as easy as a cellphone

        my idea (and the idea of this new startup company with the help of Renault) is to develop a STANDARD swappable battery, then put it on all cars as first battery (or sell the cars without a battery) then swap them quickly at thousands "electric-gas" stations

        then, if all electric cars makers will standardize the batteries dimensions, connectors and swap system, every car of the world can (simply) swap the batteries in minutes (like happen today with a gasoline refuel) rather than wait 4+ hours to recharge them at home or office to have another 100 km. of autonomy

        my additional idea (now applied by the new startup) is to produce the energy to recharge the batteries nearly each "electric-gas" station with wind turbines or solar panels, that to avoid the need to build too big, complex and expensive infrastructures to carry that extra-energy for cars

        .
        Rate this comment: 12345
        • Re: YOU missed the point of my article
          gabrielg01 on 04/02/2008 at 10:24 AM
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          Sorry to wake you up to reality...

          Our idea was to have a standardized battery system across all manufacturers, too. You are not the only person around with ideas.

          The proposal called/calls for (at least) 2 batteries in each car. The cars would run down the batteries in sequential fashion. So when battery #1 is discharged, the driver still has battery #2 at full power. This allows the driver to get to a swapping station.

          On a side note, nobody stops you from implementing "your" idea. Stop whining, and start doing!
          Rate this comment: 12345
  • 1 M outlets and 250+ robotic swappers for $200M?
    nekote on 03/31/2008 at 1:36 PM
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    $200M in additional venture capital raised in 2007.

    Between Israel and Denmark, 1 Million "outlets" and 250+ robotic battery swap-out stations?  $200M sounds low for that size of project.

    No mention of any (very costly) additional electric utility power generation plants?  Nor the additional CO2 produced from coal?  All the (additional) MWs of power needed to recharge motor vehicles within the current maximum capacity - especially for the time of day - daylight business hours?
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: 1 M outlets and 250+ robotic swappers for $200M?
      Kevin Bullis on 03/31/2008 at 4:27 PM
      Technology Review TR Staff
      Nanotechnology and Materials Science Editor
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      The $200 million from 2007 is for Israel. Additional funds are being raised for Denmark.

      As you mention, the number of power plants you need depends a great deal on when the batteries get charged. A smart system would actually use the cars to help the electricity grid. The cars can charge primarily at night when demand is usually low. When demand is high in the afternoon, the cars could feed power back to the grid.
      Rate this comment: 12345
      • Re: 1 M outlets and 250+ robotic swappers for $200M?
        energymv@gmail.com on 05/15/2008 at 3:36 PM
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        In that case, it would seem like the electric distribution system will require substantial upgrades to electronic equipment in addition to advanced metering infrastructure for two-way power flow in the EV receptacles.  That is a challenging task, which the Israeli electric utilities would need to support.
        Rate this comment: 12345
  • Development of the Resources of the Demand Side
    javs on 03/31/2008 at 4:11 PM
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    “Making Electric Vehicles Practical” is just one more application of the development of the resources of the demand side that need the involvement of the utility and the regulator, which are the authorized intermediaries that are blocking progress to the power industry of the third industrial revolution. The problem with today’s market structure is that it centers on the development of the resources of the supply side.--//--//--//--//-- This is what Toby Considine wrote about many other applications in his article Intelligent Grids need Intelligent Buildings, “Current market structures are a boat anchor on innovation. If you invent a gizmo that talks to the power grid and somehow saves energy in the house, today, you can only sell it to around 30 customers – all big power companies. Each of them will be required to run an extensive pilot before they can get anything through their local Utilities Commission. This means your initial sale will have to be, say, 50,000 units warranted for 10 years. Then after a year installing those units, the power company can propose a rate structure for them The Utilities Commission may nix the whole project, or ask for more research.” Using Toby’s input I wrote recently the EWPC article Missing From Gridwise (this refers to the GridWise Architectural Council). --//--//--//--//-- EWPC is a technology neutral market structure that emerged at the beginning of 2007 to allow innovations on the demand side to prosper. The last EWPC article is EWPC’s Tipping Point, whose summary is: “Aiming to be an irresistible article, it should help start a word-of-mouth epidemic of high proportions in the power industry. By respectfully exposing, and responding inquiries, the insidious power of IMEUC False Facts to obstruct progress, it is one of those little things that can make a big difference. Now all stakeholders will be able to learn how Demand Integration to power system planning, operation and control, brings the clarity and direction of the breakthough EWPC market architecture and design paradigm shift to produce large coordination savings for society as a whole. I repeat that ‘California has a great opportunity to repair the damages of the BIG California LIE to the world.’”
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • Electric vehicles and Setbacks
    martinaatayo on 03/31/2008 at 5:24 PM
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    A sound innovation that could possibly
    transform the entire transportation industry.
    A major concern at this point in time
    is how to overcome a whole span of
    limitations in terms of safety and risk
    factors,EMF sustainability and its transient
    nature,etc.. to mention just a few.
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • Start in Alaska
    oconnmic on 03/31/2008 at 10:46 PM
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    When I lived in Alaska, 25 years ago, there was already an outlet for every parking place so you could plug in your car's circulating hot water heater in the winter to keep your engine from freezing.  
    Rate this comment: 12345
  • What about the capacity for electric distribution
    energymv@gmail.com on 05/15/2008 at 3:26 PM
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    Assuming there is enough reserve capacity to do this, it sounds like a wonderful idea. But is there enough reserve capacity?

    The business model is creative, but is the current electric distribution capacity enough to accommodate an expansion of the this EV infrastructure beyond this pilot project of 125 or so stations?
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Re: What about the capacity for electric distribution
      Brian H on 06/02/2008 at 3:40 PM
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      Not yet, but in 5-8 yrs. focusfusion.org could be supplying 5MW generators at $300,000 per. They could profitably sell power for less than 1/3¢/kwh.

      They're about the size of a home garage, including walk-around maintenance floor space, and so would make great cores for charging stations. Just to give some scale, the 2600lb Tesla Roadster gets 220 mi on about 60kwh charge, so a 100 mi. charge-up at these stations would cost about 30x.3¢ = 9¢. Added charges for convenience/access would increase that, of course, and speed of charging would depend on how many amps at 220V or more the car could accept. 220V70A charging takes the Roadster 3½hrs for the full 60kwh, so 1 hr would give about 25kwh; at higher amperage, say 400, this could be cut to 10 min or so, but requires special connectors and feeds. This is where a charging station with its own FF generator would have a huge advantage.



      Rate this comment: 12345
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