Technology Review - Published By MIT
Advertisement

May 2006

Hydrogen on the Cheap

By David Talbot

smaller text tool iconmedium text tool iconlarger text tool icon

Wouldn't it be nice to have a machine that could cheaply manufacture a gallon of gas per hour for your automobile? Envisioning the day when we may all have fuel cell cars, General Electric researchers have built a prototype that makes the equivalent quantity of hydrogen: plug it in, and it splits water molecules to generate one kilogram per hour of hydrogen.

The basic technology, called an electrolyzer, is nothing new: water is mixed with an electrolyte and made to flow past a stack of electrodes. Electricity causes the water molecules to split into hydrogen and oxygen gases. What GE has achieved is a potentially inexpensive, mass-manufacturable version of the technology.

Whereas traditional electrolyzers are made with expensive metals requiring hand assembly, a team at GE Global Research in Niskayuna, NY, came up with a way to make them largely out of a GE plastic called Noryl that is easy to form and resistant to the highly alkaline potassium hydroxide electrolyte. To get more hydrogen out of a smaller electrode, the researchers borrowed a spray-coating process normally used for jet engine parts to coat the electrodes with a proprietary nickel-based catalyst that has a larger surface area.

Their prototype of an easy-to-manufacture apparatus could lead to a commercial version that produces hydrogen via electrolysis for about $3 per kilogram -- a quantity roughly comparable to a gallon of gasoline -- down from today's $8 per kilogram. "We've attacked the capital costs," says Richard Bourgeois, an electrolysis project leader. GE could potentially manufacture the machines within a few years, he says.

May/June 2006

Would you like to read more articles from the May/June 2006 issue?

This article is from the May/June 2006 Issue of Technology Review. To read other articles from this issue simply register for My.TechnologyReview.com. It's free.

Subscribe today and save up to 41% »

Comments

  • Hydrogen on the Cheap
    Guest (tedskidjustliketheoldman) on 05/17/2006 at 12:00 AM
    Posts:
    1
    I'd be willing to pay higher prices in order to stop the importation of oil from countries like Saudia Arabia, Iran, and Venezuela.
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • you still need all the oil to produce the elctricity
      Guest (peter) on 05/18/2006 at 12:00 AM
      Posts:
      1
      hydrogen is not a solution especially if it is produced by electrolyzer, because to get hydrofen you need electricity which is produced mostly by burning fuel. You just burn the same fuel in different place. The only advantage may be in the efficiency of scales - large power plants are more efficient in burning fuels, but than you loose on the transmission of the electrical energy so it may be in the end less efficient. Still all this makes sence if electricity is generated by some other sources like wind, solar, hydro etc.
      Rate this comment: 12345
      • Correct
        Guest (MR) on 05/18/2006 at 12:00 AM
        Posts:
        1
        Except, if we use big power plants, and force people to install solar on their homes, everything starts to come together.  With the strides being made with solar cells, it is getting closer to reality.
        Rate this comment: 12345
        • SOLAR++
          Guest (vcragain) on 05/19/2006 at 12:00 AM
          Posts:
          1
          what we need is a big push in the right direction - we are all waiting for the right leadership on these issues - Al for president ? - I can't vote yet (green card) but I'm dying to get some action going - if we had thought twice about Irag we could be solving some of these problems with that money - solar is still much too expensive for the little guy - we need a major push we are in a war on energy !
          I want cheap solar/wind/whatever ASAP !!!
          Rate this comment: 12345
      • don't need oil for electricity
        Guest (stan) on 05/27/2006 at 12:00 AM
        Posts:
        1
        ever hear about nuclear energy?
        that's the only viable solution to polution.
        Rate this comment: 12345
        • People are afraid of what the don't understand
          Guest (Ben  ontwintex2001@yahoo.ca) on 05/28/2006 at 12:00 AM
          Posts:
          1
          Greenpeace put a deathscare into us.  Having worked a lifetime in two 950 Megawatt x 4 units, a lot of extra costs were generated over public fear.  54 people died over chenobyl but on a TV pole most people said thousands died.
          Rate this comment: 12345
      • no oil necessary.
        Guest (Gina) on 06/09/2006 at 12:00 AM
        Posts:
        1
        wind and solar energy completely removes the need for oil. and some fuel cells actually produce heat, allowing even more energy to be harnessed. invest today!
        Rate this comment: 12345
    • importation
      Guest (energyhog13) on 07/07/2006 at 12:00 AM
      Posts:
      1
      The U.S.'s current importation policy is sound.  Oil is a finite substance.  We want to use up as much as everybody else's as we can and preserve our own for as long as we can.
      Rate this comment: 12345
  • The Next Step
    Guest (Dr. Warren Reynolds) on 06/13/2006 at 12:00 AM
    Posts:
    1
    As an ex-GE employee, I know GE will get it right ! The electrolyzer is a key to our Hydrogen Economy.For more information see: www.beyondfossilfuel.com and read:  The Next Step-Converting to the Solar-Hydrogen Economy
    Dr. Warren Reynolds,
    Consultant
    Rate this comment: 12345
    • Fusion with Hydrogen economy
      Guest (Ivan) on 06/16/2006 at 12:00 AM
      Posts:
      1
      Once fusion energy produces enough electricity we can shift to a hydrogen based economy.  We need portable fuels like H2 for cars running on fuel cells.  We can make the H2 using fusion energy.  Once the fusion plants come online solar , wind and everything else becomes irrelevant.
      Rate this comment: 12345
      • DALLAS
        Guest (BERNIE) on 07/26/2006 at 12:00 AM
        Posts:
        1
        The way I see it oil is never going to run out. Right now there are proven reserves (economically feasible) for the 400 years. By then, there will be other forms of energy I am sure, and the OPEC members will beg for someone to buy their oil at any price, but nobody will want it, that is why, we will necer run out.
        Rate this comment: 12345
  • woohoo we are getting there..
    tomatolord on 10/22/2006 at 10:30 PM
    Posts:
    1
    I have done a bit of research on hydrogen.

    The KEY is in the article - GE can make it for $3 a gallon as compard to gasoline.  Which means we are about 10 years out from using hydrogen for the masses 

    Natural gas is even cheaper for home use to heat.

    What makes sense is for hydrogen to used as storage.

    A prediction.
    One of the cold northern states - ND,sd, Main or even a midwest state, will build a series of nuclear plants to produce hydrogen and ship via pipeline, south!  Especially canada

    Oil we have enough for the next 300 years, the issue is not do we have oil is what type of oil, we are running low on stick a pipe in the ground and out comes oil oil.  What we have plenty of is oil in other forms (shale oil, coal, oil, oil in odd ball locations)

    But to use this oil, you have to add $$$ to process it.

    One of the keys that I saw was when oil goes to 70$ a barrel many other technologies now become cost effective.

    which is why you saw the price of oil come way down recently.

    Friend of mine started to biodiesel, but it is $3.25 a gallon not bad when diesel was 3.15 but terrible when it is 2.75.  Same thing with ethanol.

    also do research on hydrides - they can allow the storage of hydrogen -

    We are getting there!

    Tomatolord


    Rate this comment: 12345
Advertisement

Current Issue

Technology Review January/February 2009
Lifeline for Renewable Power
Without a radically expanded and smarter electrical grid, wind and solar will remain niche power sources.
•  Subscribe
Save 41%
•  Table of Contents
•  MIT News

Magazine Services

Career Resources

MIT Technology Insider

Stories and breaking news from inside MIT about the latest research, innovations, and startups--in a convenient monthly e-newsletter. Subscribe today
Advertisement

Follow us on Twitter

Twitter

Get Technology Review updates via the web, cellphone, or Instant Messager – Follow techreview on Twitter!

Advertisement

More Technology News from Forbes

Advertisement
Advertisement
TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES
Advertisement
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology