Wednesday, March 12, 2008

Monitoring Pill Popping

A magnetic sensor system could increase drug compliance.

By Anna Davison

Monitoring drug use: A magnetic sensor necklace could record when patients take medication, then send the information to a smart phone or a computer, allowing doctors and caregivers to track drug compliance. Researchers have tested the necklace using an artificial neck fashioned from pipe and plastic straws (above). Credit: Gary Meek, Gerogia Tech.

A necklace with an array of magnetic sensors could help patients remember to take their medication, and let physicians and caregivers know if they're complying with their drug regime.

Designed by engineers at the Georgia Institute of Technology, the MagneTrace necklace can record exactly when magnetized pills or capsules pass through a patient's esophagus, and send the information to a smart phone or a computer. The system can also remind patients if they don't take their medication on schedule, and it can notify physicians, caregivers, and families of the situation.

The researchers, who are about to begin testing the device on dogs, say that the necklace could help patients avoid serious problems and improve clinical trials, not to mention save the billions of dollars that are wasted annually as a result of drug noncompliance.

"It's a huge issue," says Maysam Ghovanloo, an assistant professor in the Georgia Institute of Technology's School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, who began the work two years ago at North Carolina State University. He designed the device with graduate student Xueliang Huo.

About half of all medications are not taken as prescribed, according to the World Health Organization. There are other tools on the market to help with drug compliance, including pill bottles that record when they're opened, but "they can't tell that the drug was actually taken," says Ray Bullman, executive vice president of the National Council on Patient Information and Education, a nonprofit coalition that promotes safe medicine use. The MagneTrace device "really moves it a step forward," he says.

Other researchers are working on a system that uses a fluorescent dye added to medication and traces the dye as it enters the bloodstream. However, Ghovanloo says that the long-term effects of the chemical aren't known.

The magnets that will be incorporated in pills and capsules tracked by the MagneTrace system are round, about twice the size of the head of a pin, and coated with an inert, insoluble polymer. They would pass through a patient's system within a day, Ghovanloo says. The coated magnets are so weak, he adds, that even if several ended up in a patient's digestive tract at the same time, they wouldn't clump together and create a blockage.

"They don't have any effect on the human body," Ghovanloo says.

The MagneTrace necklace, which weighs about an ounce, incorporates the same kind of magnetic sensors that are used in GPS units. They are spaced in pairs around the necklace: three sensors are positioned vertically, and three horizontally. Together, they can detect a tiny magnet incorporated in a pill or capsule as it travels down the esophagus, through the necklace. The sensors are driven by a control unit that includes a wireless transceiver, which can send data to a smart phone or a computer so that it records the time that pills are taken and how many are swallowed. The information can be sent to a patient's physician, caregiver, and family members, who can also be notified if a patient hasn't taken his medication on schedule.